Hammarabis Law Code Essay - 789 Words

Hammarabis Law Code Many people may not know it, but they have heard part of Hammurabis Law Code before. It is where the fabled eye-for-an-eye statement came from. However, this brutal way of enforcing laws was not always the case in ancient Mesopotamia, where Hammurabi ruled. The Laws of Ur-Nammu are much milder and project a greater sense of tolerance in an earlier time. The changing Mesopotamian society dictated this change to a harsher, more defined law that Hammurabi ruled from. It was the urge to solidify his power in Mesopotamia that led Hammurabi to create his Law Code. It must first be noted that the Laws of Ur-Nammu were written some time around 2100 B.C., around three hundred years before Hammurabis Code.†¦show more content†¦One law stated that if someone severed the nose of another man with a copper knife, he must pay two-thirds of a mina of silver. Another contains that if a man proceeded by force, and deflowered the virgin slave-woman of another man, that man must pay five shekels of silver. According to these laws, the crimes of assault and rape were reduced to payment for injury. Hammurabis Code was not nearly as forgiving. While The Laws of Ur-Nammu doled out fines as penalties, Hammurabis Code delivered death for many crimes. Hammurabi also has a much different view concerning the treatment of rape: If a man violate the wife of another man...and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless. Also, assault was no longer punishable by just a fine: If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. Death was a sentence for false accusations, theft and robbery, bad construction, kidnapping, as well as many other offenses. By the time of Hammurabis rule, Mesopotamia had formed its own identity. While it remained a land where most any person could be accepted, the time for regulating the territory had come. These laws were just one part of an effort to create an organized nation-state by Hammurabi. After conquering various city-states to secure his rule, he created a new power center in Babylon to keep the supporters of previous power centers atShow MoreRelated Justinian I Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesJustinian had a very significant role in world history. There are many things that are overlooked when speaking of Justinian. For instance, Justinian was a great architect. Many times we overlook the little characteristics of Justinian and we focus on the code of Justinian. Justinian was born a barbarian, probably born of Slavic parents in Illyia. We know nothing of his early years except that his uncle adopted him. His uncle was Justin I, the emperor of Constantinople. Then in 527 A.D., Justin made Justinian

Essay on The Perverse in the Short Stories of Edgar Allan...

Edgar Allan Poe is perhaps the best-known American Romantic who worked in the Gothic mode. His stories explore the darker side of the Romantic imagination, dealing with the grotesque, the supernatural, and the horrifying. He defined the form of the American short story. As one might expect, Poe himself eschewed conventional morality, which he believed stems from mans attempts to dictate the purposes of God. Poe saw God more as process than purpose. He believed that moralists derive their beliefs, and thus, the resultant behavioral patterns, from a priori knowledge. In Eureka, we find that Poe shunned such artifices of mind, systems which, he professed, have no basis in reality. Yet Poe employed in his writing the diction of the moral†¦show more content†¦By this time, Toby utters scarcely a sentence without oaths, his favorite of which is to bet the devil his head that he can accomplish whatever challenge lies before him. One day as the narrator accompanies Toby Dammit on a route which requires the crossing of a covered bridge, Toby bets the devil his head that he can leap over a bridge stile, pigeon winging as he performs the feat. Unexpectedly a little lame old gentleman of venerable aspect (Poe 491) interrupts with an emphatic ahem to take Toby up on his bet. The elderly gentleman wears a a full suit of black, but his shirt was perfectly clean and the collar turned very neatly down over a white cravat. Oddly, his eyes are carefully rolled up into the top of his head, and he wears a black silk apron. (491) After he takes charge of Toby, allowing him a running start, the elderly interloper takes his position just behind the stile. The narrator awaits the gentlemans One--two--three--and--away, when Toby initiates his running leap. To all appearances, the young reprobate is destined to clear the stile easily, pigeon-winging as he flies, when abruptly his progress is arrested, and the luckless Toby falls flat on his back on hisShow MoreRelatedPoe and Perversely1719 Words   |  7 Pagesperson is perverse? So what is perversely, as defined in the Webster Dictionary Perversely means â€Å"1.) Turned away from what is right or good. 2.) Obstinate in opposing what is right, reasonable o accepted.† So perversely just basically means that someone does something that they know is wrong but they do it anyways. Everyone that is human is perverse at some point in their life. Which leads me to the second question a person might be asking, â€Å"How can a person be perverse?† Being perv erse is basicallyRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart1581 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic stories with twisted themes and ideas. An example in his works is the conception of overthinking something that is not there. Many of these tales end with someone being killed due to the fascination of an unrealistic problem trying to be solved. Imagination is a main factor that drives the narrators to become worried. The obsessing narrators in Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, â€Å"The Black Cat†, and â€Å"The Imp of the Perverse† demonstrate the idea that guiltRead MoreComparison of Edgar Allan Poes The Imp of the Perverse and The Tell-Tale Heart770 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most recognizable literary figures in 19th century American literature. Poe is most well known for his short stories that focus on a psychologically unhinged character who murders an innocent person without motive a nd eventually cracks under pressure before the police, ultimately turning himself in for the crimes he committed. Two such stories that follow this theme are The Imp of the Perverse and The Tell-Tale Heart. The Imp of the Perverse begins unlike manyRead MoreEssay on The Black Cat by Edgar Alan Poe1083 Words   |  5 PagesCat,† short story from Edgar Alan Poe, has a few characters and many points of view that probably provide the most important elements in this short story. Therefore, the examination of the conflicts of the protagonists in Edgar Allan Poe’s description plays an important part with the objective of understand this short story. This paper’s objective is to analyze the significance of the characteristics of the protagonist. According to the American romanticist writer Edgar Allen Poe, the story of â€Å"TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Imp Of The Perverse 1629 Words   |  7 Pages Mariana Falossi Professor O’Brien LTEN 176 November 8 2017 The Imp of the Perverse American writer and critique Edgar Allan Poe is very well known for his gothic tales of mystery, suspense, and horror. While his impressive collection of work carry thrilling themes of fear, death, and tragedy, Poe’s work goes beyond the purpose of literary entertainment and revealing his own inner demons. His writing may be heavily influenced by his own dark and tragic experiences and losses, but it also revealsRead MoreReview Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat And Fall Of The House Of Usher 1451 Words   |  6 Pagesrenowned author Edgar Allan Poe, contains common themes, symbols and structures that make his work easily recognizable as this specific type of literature. Poe’s writing often incorporates many gothic elements, and especially puts emphasis on elements leading to madness and downfall in the lives of his characters. Through the use of suspense provoking gothic elements, Poe is able to captivate and intrigue his readers, which attributes to his widespre ad popularity. In his short stories, â€Å"The Black Cat†Read MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1015 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Membrane† Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most acclaimed short story writers of all time and is considered the father of the psychological thriller. He has achieved ever-lasting fame for his work in various fields of literature, from prose to verse. However, it is his Gothic narrative, in the short story realm he is greatest known for and is regarded as one of the foremost masters of horror that the United States has ever fashioned. The crucial component to these horror stories is usually theRead MoreTragedies Influence Poes Works749 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduced by tragedies early in his life, Edgar Allan Poe became one of the most successful writers, poets, and storytellers to ever live. Edgar Allan Poe had the intelligence to do anything he wanted to do, however, the pain of losing his loved ones always seemed to drive him towards a pen and paper. His emotions never failed to show through his writings, which helped the story line touch the readers. Poe became very close to several differ ent women but each would die shortly after he came to loveRead MoreWords to Describe Edgar Allen Poe Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesWords to Describe Edgar Allen Poe Hoaxter, liar, impostor, and plagiarizer (45) are words Kaplan used to describe Edgar Allan Poe. Poe as he claimed to be, was the best when it came to deception and perversion. In living his life and even in his manner of negotiating death, Poe was a captive of the imp of perversity. But with art as his shield, the realms of perversity became a haven for his troubled soul. . . Perversion is a complex strategy of mind, with its unique principles for regulatingRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe885 Words   |  4 Pageswould be Edgar Allan Poe, a writer and a poet, whom would be absolutely intrigued in these behaviors. His unique interpretation of the human mind could be seen in â€Å"The Black Cat.† In this short story Edgar Allan Poe embeds himself as the protagonist who are mere victims of the complexities of the mind known as revenge, anger, and perversity. â€Å"The Black Cat† shows the vital side effects of the mind recognized as revenge, anger, and perversity. This is witnessed at the very start of the short story

Cripple free essay sample

Often times, people with disabilities feel sorrow and unfortunate. Nancy Mairs faces sclerosis, a serious condition that limits her ability to do regular, everyday tasks. In her essay, Mairs stresses the meaning of the word â€Å"cripple† to the point in which she defines her own meaning of the term. With the use of rhetorical strategies, Mairs presents herself as a strong, proud individual despite her disabilities. Mairs’ specific language choice reveals that she is not ashamed of her condition. She begins by explaining the first impression of the word â€Å"cripple. † She says, â€Å"People—crippled or not—wince at the word ‘cripple†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ (line 8). Mairs purposely uses the word â€Å"wince† to emphasis shock and horror of others’ reaction towards the word â€Å"cripple. † This word choice provides an indication of people’s negative thoughts on the word â€Å"cripple. † In contrast, however, Mairs explains that most people do not react as strongly with the words â€Å"handicapped† or â€Å"disabled. We will write a custom essay sample on Cripple or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although others may disagree, Mairs reveals that the word â€Å"cripple† provides a neutral connotation that is appropriate to describe herself: a person with an illness. Later on in the text, Mairs reveals that â€Å"cripple† seems like a â€Å"clean word, straightforward, and precise† (line 15). It is evident that she does not feel the slightest offence of being called a cripple. Instead, she feels that it is the appropriate word that best describes her condition. At the same time, Mairs has strong attachments to â€Å"cripple† in relation to who she is as an individual with such difficulties. Mairs’ use of tone creates a stern, serious, and confident attitude that reflects a prideful feeling of being a â€Å"cripple. † She says, â€Å"Mine is one of them. Whatever you call me, I remain crippled. But I don’t care what you call me, so long as it isn’t ‘differently abled’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (line 36). Mair’s short sentences evoke a powerful tone that reflects her indifference towards society’s assumption of who she is: a weak, helpless, and unfortunate individual. However, oppositely, she presents herself as a strong, prideful woman. The tone in this passage reveals Mairs’ feelings toward society’s sympathetic attitudes to those that are physically disabled. Clearly, Mairs does not feel bothered by what others think of her. It is apparent that she takes her situation very lightly as long as no one refers to as â€Å"differently abled† because it describes a person without capability. She strongly presents herself proud and independent individual being as opposed to what society assumes her to be. Unlike society’s attitudes towards the disabled, Mairs presents herself with strength and pride regardless of her condition. Throughout her essay, she changes a new meaning of the word â€Å"cripple† from a horrifying meaning to her own, personal definition. As she delivers her point, Mairs feel that the word â€Å"cripple† is a part of her in regard to who she is: a person with in illness. At the same time, Mairs reveals a sense of acceptance of her condition.

Plato And Aristotle Essays (708 words) - Ancient Greek Philosophers

Plato And Aristotle Nearly all humans have the goal to live a virtuous and happy life. Two of the world most acknowledged philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, had their own views on this central issue. Plato supported the understanding view; he believed understanding is the key to living a virtuous life. Aristotle supported the habit and action view; he believed that individuals become virtuous by continuous moral actions. By and large both philosophers have a good standpoint; but in my judgment one has a stronger line of reasoning. Plato supports the view of understanding over custom and tradition. He believes that individuals should acquire the knowledge to understand something and then start performing the action. Plato says that once someone understands the good then he or she will do it; he says ...what we desire is always something that is good (pg.5). We can understand from this that Plato is saying individuals want to do good for themselves; we perform immoral deeds, because we dont have the understanding of the good. The lack of knowledge and understanding will cause an individual to perform meagerly in life. He believes that custom and tradition are not favorable for us; from this I believe he is trying to point-out that we all should acquire our own understanding of things instead of taking the other views. His position demonstrates to us that understanding helps us do good and doing good means living a virtuous life. I believe that Platos view is acceptable. A human must understand the actions he or she is going to perform; it is beneficial for us to know what we are doing before we do it. For example in any kind of organization you need understanding and knowledge of the action over tradition and custom, because knowledge is more widely accepted than tradition and custom. Tradition and custom vary from place to place, but knowledge and understanding are universal. Aristotle, Platos student, invented his own view about virtuous living. Aristotle believes that individuals acquire character virtues threw actions that are repeated continuously. He says, Virtue of character results from habit, hence its name ethical, slightly varied from ethos. (pg.14) He says that none of the virtues that are in our character arise naturally; instead they are embedded in us by continuous actions. For example a soldier becomes brave threw continuous acts of bravery, the repetitive actions someway conditions him, and the virtue becomes a character in him. Aristotle also points out that an individuals character virtues can also be in surplus or in lower; an individual can have too much bravery and be considered reckless; furthermore, one can also have deficiency in bravery and be considered a coward. Overall Aristotle believes we should do the actions; consequently, we will learn from it furthermore we will eventually make it a habit, and acquire it in our character. I suppose Aristotle is correct to some extent. I agree with his explanation about individuals having excess and inferior amounts of character virtues. In order to consider a character to be virtuous you must have the normal expression or use of it. An individual with too much or too little can be considered not normal; therefore, the character cannot be considered a virtuous. The topic that I dont correspond with Aristotle is the one about acquiring the characters of virtue. I believe we acquire virtues threw understanding and knowledge not by continuous actions; for example, one can do continuous actions but if that individual doesnt understand what he or she is doing then the action cannot be considered a virtuous one. One has to understand that this is right and this is wrong in order for his or her to be virtuous. Personally I think that Plato has a stronger line of reasoning. The concept of understanding and learning is more appealing to me. I believe every individual should base their actions on understanding. Understanding means to think and to reason and obtain knowledge; this in my opinion is the key to building the character. When an individual bases his or her actions on reason and understanding then almost certainly he or she will living a virtuous life. Philosophy Essays

The Complexities and Insecurities of Social Position Essay Example For Students

The Complexities and Insecurities of Social Position Essay In a novel alert to the complexities and insecurities of social position, preoccupied with questions of responsibility and respectability, the episode, in respect to Lydias downfall, emphasises the vulnerability of the Bennet daughters and give rise to considerations of primary responsibility for Lydias downfall. She has no money, no connections p225. The fault, for Lydias downfall, does not lie with Wickham; I do not excuse the soldiers behaviour nor suggest that he is not at fault for carrying out such a ridiculous, care-free affair but he has no duty to be responsible for Lydia. Mr Bennet, however, is supposedly the established pinnacle of his family and hence is to be held accountable for his familys actions especially as his spawn so happen to be female, and in such a world that Austen habited and wrote about where women were, seemingly, entirely dependant on the whim of men, even more so. The figurehead of the Bennet family does not appear to take his paternal duties seriously. Indeed, it appears that the chief reason for Mr Bennets keenness for Lydias departure is that she will be gone, for a short while, We will write a custom essay on The Complexities and Insecurities of Social Position specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We shall have no peace at Longbourn if Lydia does not go to Brighton p190 and may return more erudite, in the fields of behaviour, Let us hope, therefore, that her being there may teach her her own significance. At any rate, ahe cannot grow many degrees worse, without authorizing us to lock her up for the rest of her life. as he, himself, cannot be bothered to educate her properly Let her go then. Mr Bennet has five daughters; it gives him no grief that his obvious favourite, Elizabeth, has three very silly sisters. This favourite, however, appears to be quite concerned not necessarily for Lydia but for the familys reputation, be the most determined flirt that ever made of herself and more importantly, in Elizabeths eyes, her family ridiculous. Following this statement, and an argument with an overly keen father regarding Lydias departure, our heroine reminds the audience that she has, what no other member of the family has, performed her duty. Elizabeth acted out of duty, not out of care for his youngest sibling. the cares that must now fall wholly upon her , in a family so deranged; a father absent, a mother incapable of exertion, and requiring constant attendance p227. In fact, the only person who appears to want Lydias best interests is, someone who at a younger age would have sympathised with these same interests, Mrs Bennet. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦such prospects and such realities as these the object of attentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ tenderly flirting with at least six officers at once.]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ could have only been understood by her mother, who might have felt nearly the same. p191 Lydia has become this pitiful creature through mirroring her role model, her mother. Some blame can be endowed on the childs mother; under Mrs  Bennets foolish eye her youngest daughter has become a pathetic woman who enacts conventional melodrama or mistaken, self-indulgence and passion. Mr Bennet does learn from the unfortunate episode, of Lydias romantic attachment, and becomes a more responsible father, though Mrs Wickham frequently invited her to come and stay with her, with the promise of balls and young men, her father would never consent to her going p310. However, this sternness may not be out of nurturing care but from laziness; not wanting to go through the fiasco of the last ordeal. The incident allows Darcy to demonstrate the extent of his committed love to Elizabeth; he shows that he has learned his lesson; that is to adjust to adjust his mistaken pride p259 and welcome into his intimate family party Elizabeths low connections, as he works in a close partnership with Mr Gardiner, Elizabeths uncle from Cheapside, and saves Lydia from the worst social consequences of her liaison with Wickham. As Mrs Gardiner tells Elizabeth, Darcys mistaken pride at first made him think it beneath him to share his knowledge of Wickhams character and behaviour p259. By entering into a more open form of government and giving others access to that knowledge, Darcy is instrumental in returning Lydia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and Wickham à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to a kind of respectability. .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 , .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .postImageUrl , .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 , .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:hover , .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:visited , .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:active { border:0!important; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:active , .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983 .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc6b78b2c7b65471e97f7f09dbe70983:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anorexia Nervosa (1309 words) EssayWickham is effectively disempowered as the new alliance, between Darcys wealth and influence and Mr Gardiners professional expertise, acts to guarantee public morality and order. Darcy acts out of love for Elizabeth. Her heart did whisper that he had done it for her, p263 and her instincts are triumphantly confirmed when Darcy confesses that his main motivation in saving Lydia was the wish of giving happiness to you p295. Romantic love makes individual happiness both the motivation and the goal of moral and social change. As a result of Elizabeths influence, and in the hope of pleasing her Darcy rethinks his pride, opens himself up to new social alliances and acts to ensure Lydias respectability. His reward, when Elizabeth accepts his second proposal, is happinessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ such as he had probably never felt before p295. By the end of the novel, as a result of Lydias downfall, Darcy has been converted into a figure of comic reconciliation. Darcy, the new aristocratic man, uses his power and knowledge to re-establish social harmony, a harmony symbolized by multiple marriages: Lydias to Wickham, Janes to Bingley, and most important, his own to Elizabeth. Darcy is shown to be loving and therefore lovable; thorough his desire for the heroine, he is transformed from an aggressive and potentially threatening figure into an ally and a husband.

The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essays

The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essays The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essay The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essay Over the last few years Kenya has continuously sought to improve the educational system for its students. The National Assessment System (NAS) is an integral system of determining quality assurance in Education. It involves the monitoring of learning achievements of students to assess the quality of education. It is also a systematic evaluation of student learning achievement across the Country. The analytical results are used by policy makers and practitioners to inform the education quality reform process.With data that is comparable across various regions of the Country and over time, policy makers and stakeholders can identify gaps and bring about improvements in the curriculum, teaching and classroom support practices, as well as in the development of learning aids. Kenya’s National Assessment is currently set up as follows: 1. Standard One – Standard Eight : Kenya Certificate of Primary Education 2. Form One – Form 4: Kenya Certifica te of Secondary Education 3. College/University: Various degree examinationsNAS can be divided into six groups namely, Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) , Primary level ( 8. 4. 4),Secondary Level (8. 4. 4), Tertiary Level, University Level and work world. The education system is facing a major crisis at the secondary and university level. Currently there is a task force on the realignment of the current education system with the new constitution in the bid to assist this problem NAS at the Secondary level focuses on the cognitive (or knowledge) domain.Students learn several subjects divided into categories, languages, humanities, sciences and technical subjects. Article 11 (ii) (a) of the constitution states that the curriculum should promote Science and Indigenous Technologies therefore students learn subjects such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Agriculture. The KCSE exam is taken by pupils in all public and private schools and by candidates who undertake private stu dy including prisoners. Every person has a right to education (Article 43).A candidate must take at least two of three science subjects and only a maximum of two humanities subjects. KCSE does not test in the affection domain, except, perhaps subjects in the ethics and religious studies which focus on knowledge rather than character formation. The psychomotor domain is also not covered, except, perhaps practical subjects like Physics, Agriculture, Home Science and Chemistry but again, the assessment focuses on knowledge as there is limited time and scope to assess lifelong skills and know how.Performance in KCSE largely determines progression to university and the profession or occupation in the world of work. In addition there is NAS at the university level. Public university assessments and exams are governed by the senate regulations under the University Act regulating each of the seven public universities. Senates have donated some powers to College Academic Boards (CABs) and sc hool or Faculty Academic Boards.Private university exams and assessments are managed by the respective senates, but subject to the Commission for Higher Education (CHE) under the Universities Act. Oversight on the curriculum (and perhaps the exam process) is increasingly being exercised by accreditation agencies and the relevant professional associations like the Kenya Medical and Dental Practitioners Board and the Kenya Medical Association or the Kenya Dentists Association, respectively. University exams at the undergraduate level are largely summative and still focus on the cognitive (or knowledge) domain.The affective and psychomotor domains are still not (sufficiently) assessed, tested or examined There have been concerns that University Education has now become a commercial venture so that many universities are beginning courses without much emphasis on quality but focusing rather on the profits they can make. Though the CHE has set up mechanisms to ensure that quality educatio n is provided in institutions of higher learning the follow up is not consistent and it is difficult to evaluate the teaching process.As a result many Universities are releasing students that are not quite ready to face the job market as the emphasis is not ensuring students are achieving the learning objectives but that the students are paying for the education. As more Universities offer similar courses it is important that a uniform assessment system is adapted to ensures that students do not leave school half baked but are ready to enter the job market. At the end of the day assessment should support learning as well as measure it.

Oligopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oligopoly - Essay Example In relation to costs it shows that in an oligopolistic market firms will not raise their prices because even a small price increase will cause them to lose many customers and at the same time a large price decrease by the owners will gain only a few customers because such an action will begin a price war with other firms. The curve is therefore more price-elastic for price increases and less so for price decreases. In a kinky demand curve as in an oligopoly marginal costs could change without necessarily changing the price or quantity. Being an Oligopoly the EU car market will be experiencing an average cost curve that will represent benefits from substantial economies of size. These firms have actually become large and powerful and with the increased output they have low processing and operating costs. The EU car industry clearly has just a few ruling firms in the industry which will be watching each others pricing and output strategies very closely. Moreover it should be noted that the EU car industry might actually be benefiting through its oligopolist structure(although the practice of price discrimination cannot be applauded).The car industry has to maintain its factories and pay its workers regardless of the amount of output /cars it produces every year. They can probably not afford a perfect competition situation where there would be price competitions and losses which would have an adverse effect on the safety and quality of the cars. This diagram shows that the car industry being a technically differentiated oligopoly(different types of cars) produces at a profit maximizing level of output where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The firm finds the price it will charge customers at the profit maximizing level of output (Qm) from the demand curve, and sets price to Pm. As we can see, the firm is earning economic profits since price exceeds the average costs at the profit maximising level of output. Now coming back to the issue the question addresses , it is a fact that for many years there is large scale price discrimination in the European Car Market. For example figures show that in 2001the pre-tax price of a Mazda 323 was 10,525 in the UK ,7,404 in Greece and 6,266 in Denmark ( European Commission, July 2001. )This has largely been blamed upon the fact that the European Car Industry is exempt from European competition law. .This situation has allegedly led to a rather oligopolistic arrangement by the persons involved in the car industry as they operate a rigid network of national or regional dealers which are chosen by car manufacturers, to flourish. Allegedly this is also where British car buyers have been particularly discriminated against. The European Car market is not a freely competitive market. As an oligopoly then the EU car industry experiences downward sloping long run average cost curve. The tactic that this industry uses is to increase profits by expanding output and/or merging to take advantage of economies of scale. As a result the